Which principle means that government power is limited by law?

The principle that means government power is limited by law is the rule of law. This concept holds that the laws apply equally to all individuals, including those in government positions, ensuring that no one is above the law. It establishes a framework where the authority of the state is exercised according to established laws rather than arbitrary decisions, thereby preventing abuse of power and protecting individual rights.

In a system governed by the rule of law, laws are transparent, publicized, and stable, allowing citizens to understand and comply with the regulations that govern their lives. This foundation is crucial for promoting justice and accountability within a society.

The other principles mentioned, while important in their own right, revolve around different aspects of governance. Popular sovereignty relates to the idea that the government's authority comes from the consent of the governed. Checks and balances focus on ensuring that the different branches of government can limit each other’s powers. Federalism describes the division of power between national and state governments. Although all these principles contribute to a well-functioning democratic system, only the rule of law specifically addresses the limitation of government power by law itself.