Which document establishes the framework for the United States government?

The Constitution serves as the foundational legal document that outlines the structure, functions, and powers of the United States government. It establishes the three branches of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—each with distinct powers and responsibilities, creating a system of checks and balances to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. Additionally, the Constitution defines the relationship between the federal government and the states, laying out the rights of individuals and the framework for law-making.

While the Declaration of Independence is vital for asserting the colonies' separation from British rule and articulating fundamental principles of democracy, it does not establish a framework for governance. The Federalist Papers are influential writings meant to promote the ratification of the Constitution but are not in themselves an authoritative legal document. The Bill of Rights, which comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution, serves to protect individual liberties but is part of the broader Constitution rather than the document that outlines the government's framework.